Methadone During World War II Essay - 791 Words

Methadone General Information The IUPAC name of methadone is (RS)-6-(Dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one. Other common names for methadone include: Symoron, Dolophine, Amidone, Methadose, Physeptone, Heptadon, and others. The molecular formula for methadone is C21H27NO and its molecular weight is 309.44518 g/mol. Methadone exhibits two enantiomers, Levomethadone (R-(-)-Methadone) and dextromethadone (S-(+)-methadone). It has a specific optical rotation of -32 deg at 20 deg C/D. It also has a melting point of 235 degrees Fahrenheit. Methadone’s History and Uses During World War II, the United States and our allies cut off Germany’s opium supply. As a result, German scientists developed methadone in 1937 as an attempt to develop a synthetic opioid that could be created with readily available precursors in order to solve Germany’s opium shortage. These scientists were working for I.G. Farbenindustrie AG at the Farbwerke Hoechst. Upon completion of the war, Farbwerke Hoechst was required by the U.S. Department of Commerce to relinquish all patents, trade names, and research records. In 1947, the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association gave the drug its generic name â€Å"methadone†. As the patent rights of â€Å"methadone† were no longer protected, any pharmaceutical company interested in the product could invest with ease. In 1947, Eli Lilly and Company became the first pharmaceutical company to introduce methadone into the UnitedShow MoreRelatedHeroin And Its Effects On The Hum an Body1534 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly considered one of the most dangerous, addictive, fatalist drugs in the world and treating this form of addiction, can be a complicated process for anyone wishing to kick off this habitual use. However, determining what treatment method best benefits a person, seeks no easy answer to a very complex problem. Ascertaining whether an individual using heroin should treat their addiction through the use of methadone or choosing to go cold turkey, is a troubling question that faces ongoing controversialRead MoreThe Ironical History Of Substance Abuse1218 Words   |  5 Pagesmorphine as a wonder drug for its ability to control severe pain. American physicians and hospitals gained access by 1850, but by 1860, doctors raised public alarm over its addictive misuse. This problem was about to get worse. The American Civil War tested to the full morphine’s ability to control pain. Its success in dulling the agony of battlefield injuries and Medical Corps amputations also added huge numbers of veterans from both sides to the growing morphine epidemic—so many, in fact, thatRead MorePublic Speaking Informative Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesprostitution, marijuana, gay marriages and Euthanasia there probably would be uproar. II. 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After World War II these epidemics begun to affect the â€Å"inner-city minority population, such as theRead MoreDrug Free Society833 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States. In 1971, President Nixon called for a War on Drugs recruiting the assistance of the Federal Government and in particular the Drug Enforcement Agency [DEA] (Vulliamy, 2011). As part of this measure, Nixon requested financial assistance approximating an initial $84 million for these emergency measures in an era of significant concern about drugs (2011). According to the President, drug abuse was ‘public enemy number one’ (2011). The War on Drugs went far beyond contine ntal United StatesRead MoreADVANCE Individual and Group Counseling,Diagnosis and Assessment of the Addicted Client.4613 Words   |  19 PagesTreatment Strategies in Counseling Methadone Clients Using Benzodiazepines And other Licit and Illicit Substance Case Scenario: Michael Doe is a 21 year old methadone patient. He presented at a Methadone Treatment Center with a 3 year history of opioid prescription use (egg. Percocet). A) What is Methadone? (1 page) B) Purpose of Methadone: Primary and Side effects (2 Pages) C) History of Methadone Use in the United States (1 Page) D) The Synergistic Effects of Methadone and Benzodiazepines/ Other licitRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Process Of Distillation Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesthe middle ages the reason that people turned to alcohol was because the water was contaminated. I found it funny that alcohol was prohibited for the soldiers during the Civil War and World War I. During WWI, the Volstead Act was passed. However, prohibition did not stop people from having their alcohol because they would make bathtub gin during that era (Stevens Smith, 2013). The trends with alcohol seem be celebratory and medicinal purposes. I know when my mother was younger and would have kidneyRead MoreMethadone Maintenance3756 Words   |  16 PagesUniversity School of Distance Education Methadone Treatment Programs are Effective in Stopping Heroin Use A Paper Presented to Professor Loyd Uglow, Ph.D In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Course THE 5113 Research Literature and Technology Sharon Pete November 28, 2012 THESIS STATEMENT: To investigate Methadone maintenance is found to be more effective in treating heroin addiction than 180 day detoxification. The objective is how methadone maintenance, a widely used but controversialRead MoreHeroin Is The Most Dangerous Addictive Drugs On The Black Market Today1108 Words   |  5 Pagesof Health estimated that there are currently about 600,000 heroin addicts in the U.S. alone. Heroin is an illegal, highly addictive drug. During World War II, a German chemist, Aschenbrenner, synthesized methadone and named it Dolophine, after Adolph Hitler (Fields, 2013 p.76). Chemist first isolated morphine in the early nineteenth century. During the Civil War, doctors widely used morphine in injectable form, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian opium poppy plantRead MoreEssay on Americas War on Drugs5842 Words   |  24 Pages In 1968, President Richard Nixon initiated the War on Drugs when American soldiers were coming home from the Vietnam War addicted to heroin. More than a decade later, President Ronald Reagan launches the South Florida Drug Task force, headed by then Vice-President George Bush, in response to the city of Miami’s demand for help. In 1981, Miami was the financial and import central for cocaine and marijuana, and the residents were fed up. Thanks to the task force, drug arrests went up by 27%, and

Dont Disrupt Mother Nature - 1191 Words

The story of Macbeth is a tragic tale of an honorable man who makes a risky decision in which caused him to rapidly become evil and tyrannical. The beginning of play was opened with the noble soldier, Macbeth, who is loved and adored by his king. One day he heard a prophecy that he could be king one day. However, this is when he begins his downfall. Unable to stand the suspense of waiting to become king as his fate beholds. He usurps the throne in a timely fashion by killing the present king. This action leads to multiple other killings as Macbeth struggles to keep his position and justify to himself that he did the right thing. This only directs him to his eventual downfall. The aura of darkness, deception, and horror created by William Shakespeare in this tragedy envelopes the entire play. It is created mainly by the sense of violence and foreboding that is evoked by the imagery Shakespeare has set. Throughout the play there is dominant use of nature and the supernatural that contribute significantly to the atmosphere that is portrayed throughout the story. One can argue that Macbeth constantly borders along the lines of both the natural and supernatural. In the play, a series of unnatural forces initially influences the main character, Macbeth, to commit his first crime, along with the persuasion of his wife, Lady Macbeth. After the murder of Duncan, however, Macbeth not only ignores the signs of danger present in supernatural illusions, but uses them toShow MoreRelatedEssay Women and the Feminists Fight for Equality1526 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems in todays society. I believe feminism has reached a stand still and the movement is doing far more to retard its own progress than all of its attackers could ever hope. 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Corporate Social Responsibility The Good Will

Questions: You are required to write a report to the Board of Directors of Illuminate Ltd on the apparent growing importance of Corporate Social Responsibility. You should include in your report: 1. An explanation of what is meant by the term Corporate Social Responsibility 2. A description of how it is connected to the strategic purpose of the Company; 3. An analysis of the results of the application of CSR in the light of various stakeholder group expectations, using both good and poor examples from a variety of industry sectors; and 4. An explanation of why you think the Board should adopt the concept of CSR; giving clear and concise reasons for your recommendation. Answers: Introduction The project lies in the corporate social responsibility of the companies situated in the globalized economy of the organization. The corporate social responsibility and its related theories are important for maintaining the better environment of the organization in the society. The project lies in the understanding of the purpose of corporate social responsibility in a particular environment of the country. The overall idea of the social responsibilities is performed for the maintaining the external environment of the company and compensating the hazards given by the different organization of the society of a nation. There are certain numbers of activities that are about to done by the companies to maintain their social for avoiding legal obligations from a government of the country (Ahmad, 2012). The corporate social responsibility is also an activity that is lies on the maintaining the goodwill of the company in the market and reducing the compliance issues of the organization. In this project, some of the practical scenarios of corporate social responsibilities are shown for understanding of the involvement of that organization to provide the social benefit to the country. The CSR activities are a movement that is mandatory for an organization to maintain during their operation period (AhÃÅ'Â £mad and Crowther, 2013). The corporate social responsibility of the organization generally reduces the risk of the business activities. There are some metrics follow the organization during the operational activities and also a measurement tools for the investors of the business activities of the company. The corporate social responsibilities are the one of the most mandatory activity initiated by the government of the particular country. And also the CSR activities are influenced the company to create the goodwill of the organization by doing corporate social responsibility in the organization (Arvidsson, 2014). Corporate social responsibilities are having different aspects of the companies. Those are required to utilize for social contribution like health services, education services, enhancement of quality of environment and also regional responsibilities of the company in a particular place of the nation. Corporate social responsibilities connection with strategic purpose of the company Every company in the economy requires corporate social responsibilities strategies to maintain the discipline and corporate value of the company. There are some of the companies is having the engagement with the company. Companies are faced many difficulties during the operational activities of the organization. They are taking initiatives for the improvement of business activities of the companies. There are certain corporate social responsibilities that are used from corporate in their supply chain activities, marketing and brand promotion activities of the company (Brejning, 2012). Now, days CSR is a social event that is initiated by the organization to maintained the goodwill of the organization in the market. The corporate social responsibilities have three different aspects of managing the frameworks of a strategic implication of the organization to follow the social responsibility towards society. There are various types of components are available to measured the corporate so cial responsibilities of the company. The companies are mostly doing charitable activities for reducing the tax obligations of the company. And also established some of the charitable instituted to serve poor and needful people. The corporate social responsibilities of the organization are based on the reduction techniques of short-term risk of the company. The company's social responsibilities are measured by the legal obligations of the organization to maintain the stability of business ecosystem of the company and made coordination between social environment and company for long-term sustainability of the company. The large organizations that are having earning huge numbers of money from the different operational activities in the society.And those activities handle the degradation of a quality of the environment are mandatory to do corporate social responsibilities to maintain the welfare of the company. Applications of CSR in the light of various stakeholder group expectations There are some numbers of applications of corporate social responsibility is required for the fulfillment of stakeholder's group expectation of the company. There are some of the CSR theories are presented for the corporate social responsibilities of the organization. The corporate social responsibility activity of the organization is based on the social responsibility theories utilitarian, managerial and relational are related to the theories of social cost or functionalism, corporate social performance. And also the stakeholder approaches of the organization based on the corporate responsibilities towards society (Coombs and Holladay, 2012). The stake holder's theories are invented for the maintaining the complex relationship between companies and environment of the society. The company is addressing some of the social issues to maintain the quality of the environment of the company. The business and society environment, corporate citizenship and social contract of the organization are maintaining the social responsibility. Stakeholder Approach As per the stakeholders approach of the companies in the global market is required for the developing the different models to improve the social responsibilities of the organization which is based on the individual behavior of the firms in the social environment of society. The stakeholders of the company are willing to maintain the relationship with the social environment by providing various kind of benefits to the people and social activities to improve the quality of the environment (Fleming and Jones, 2012). The company is maintaining different kinds of social responsibilities in daily management activities of the organization cooperating with the adaptive system of the organization to maintain the relationship between legal and political relationships of the organization. The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Good Example: Company Coca-Cola food and beverage companies are dealing with the chemical preservatives and others are degrading the quality of the environment of particular countries. But due to good rating of social work done by the company can easily save the reputation of the company in the market. The goodwill of the company is created by the company themselves by doing different corporate social responsibilities of the organization in all around the world (coca-colacompany.com, 2015). The corporate governance policies and practices are different as per the law and judicial authorities of the country the company belongs to. But the reason behind doing these activities are same to compensate the degradation of environment quality, health facilities of people and education facilities for children for the particular country. The Coca-Cola Company has been spent more than $ 71.23 million dollars in the corporate social responsibilities o f the organization. Coca-Cola Company is always trying to cover all the impact on the business structure of the organization whereas the company is organized huge numbers of corporate social responsibilities events to legal obligations of the government of different countries. An impact of Corporate Social Responsibilities Bad Example: Company Rio Tinto Limited Australia based company is about to done with so many numbers of corporate social responsibilities activities during their operational period. The company is an ore mining organization doing lots of hazards to the external environment that created lots of environmentally based issues in the society is directly and indirectly provided the impact on the business and revenue-generating activities of the company (Riotinto.com, 2015). So the company is invested huge amount of contribution $ 2.71 million dollars in education services, health facilities providing activities and also others society welfare activities of the organization. There are some of the sustainability activities of the organization is based on the increasing the demand and supply of the company in the market (Quazi and Richardson, 2012). Rio Tinto is also produced lots of chemical minerals which is responsible to decreases quality of the environment. And life of people who are residing in the Australia but as company did numbers of corporate social responsibilities, but due to some lacking activities in that gives higher inverse situation facing incidence for the company by the Australian government for corporate governance (LoÃÅ'ˆber, 2012). Recommendation According to the overall analysis of corporate social responsibility for companies, are required to as per the environment degradation activities done of the organization in different companies and institutes in all around the world. But now a day's companies are doing CSR activities for initiating the people of the country and as a promotion activity (Illuminatedesign.co.uk, 2015). According to the overall benefits and advantage are showing that corporate social responsibility is always good for the making the better connection between companies and environmental culture of the country to developed the work standards of the country in all around the world. So the board required adopting the corporate social responsibilities to provide benefits to the society and in return the reputation of the country will increase in a vital manner in all around the world. Conclusion According to the overall project report on corporate social responsibilities and its benefits to stakeholders of the company and external environment of the country from where the company belongs to. There are some of the applications of corporate social responsibility is discussed in the report for understanding of benefits of the CSR activities for the companies in the society. There are few examples of Rio Tinto Limited and Coca-Cola food and beverage companies are showing the different impact of corporate social responsibilities of the company depends on the segment of the companies belongs in the market. And at the last the overall recommendation is given to the Board of Directors of the company Illuminate Ltd, that proceeding with corporate social responsibilities will be beneficial for the business environment of the country. Reference Ahmad, J. (2012). Can a university act as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) driver? 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(2012).Corporate social responsibility. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Illuminatedesign.co.uk, (2015).Illuminate Design Ltd | Lighting, Sound and Vision Specialists. [online] Available at: https://www.illuminatedesign.co.uk [Accessed 4 Aug. 2015]. Lindgreen, A. (2012).A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility. Farnham, Surrey: Gower. LoÃÅ'ˆber, H. (2012).Corporate management, corporate social responsibility and customers. Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag. Quazi, A. and Richardson, A. (2012). Sources of variation in linking corporate social responsibility and financial performance.Social Responsibility Journal, 8(2), pp.242-256. Riotinto.com, (2015).Home - Sustainable development 2014 - Rio Tinto. [online] Available at: https://www.riotinto.com/sd2014/ [Accessed 4 Aug. 2015]. Thauer, C. (2014).Managerial Sources of Corporate Social Responsibility. Cambridge University Press. Tsutsui, K. and Lim, A. (n.d.).Corporate social responsibility in a globalizing world. Tully, S. (2012).International corporate legal responsibility. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International. Underwood, S. and Murray, A. (2012).Social and sustainable enterprise. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald.